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para
for
A preposition expressing a purpose or goal
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Para is usually translated as for and is used to express a purpose or goal. It points at something and says "this is what it's for."
para
for, to (purpose)
Pointing toward a goal or reason.
Tengo dinero para comida = I have money for food
Estudio para aprender = I study to learn
for (recipient)
When you do something for someone, that person is the purpose.
Este regalo es para ti = This gift is for you
Compré flores para mi mamá = I bought flowers for my mom
for, to (destination)
Your destination is the goal of your journey.
Salimos mañana para Madrid = We leave for Madrid tomorrow
Ella viaja para España la próxima semana = She's traveling to Spain next week
by, for (point in time)
When you need something done by a certain time, that time is the goal you're working toward.
Necesito el informe para el lunes = I need the report by Monday
Para fin de mes habremos terminado = By the end of the month we will have finished
for, in one's opinion (relative to)
When a person represents the goal or purpose, you're evaluating things based on their needs.
Eso es mucho dinero para un estudiante = That's a lot of money for a student
Para mí, es demasiado picante = In my opinion, it's too spicy (for me, it's too spicy)
para que
so that, in order that
Para points towards a goal or purpose, and que explains that purpose in more detail.
Te lo explico para que lo entiendas = I'm explaining it to you so that you understand it (with the goal that you understand it)
Habla más despacio para que te escuchen = Speak more slowly so that they can hear you (with the purpose that they can hear you)